Swine flu

A naive model of the swine flu infections (figures available at BBC news) in the UK shows the confirmed cases growing at an exponential rate (which is what you would expect). 

Swine flu naive model

 

The good news is that as the population has increasingly been exposed to the virus, the infection rate can be expected to fall - or at least, one might think that is the good news.  The virus is mild at the moment, and with this model of the current rate of infections, we would expect the whole population to be infected by day 156 (well. actually before then, probably by 6 days, but this is a 'safety margin') which would be the 24th September 2009.  That would be likely to equate to approximately 30,000 deaths. at the current mortality rate in the UK from the disease.

But if the suggestions that the virus could become more lethal if it infects people during the normal flu season are correct, this would at least mean that the entire population had been exposed to the virus before that season starts - thus reducing the risk of further fatalities. 

There are complicating factors, of course.  It can be reasonably hoped that there will be a vaccine available around September.  But there is also at least one case of Tamiflu resistant H1N1 (the swine flu virus) which has been reported.

In my opinion (and I am not a virologist, of course) the use of Tamiflu to try to reduce the spread in the early days of the pandemic was a mistake.  In some cases it makes patients asymptomatic, but, apparently, still infectious (albeit at a lower rate of infection).  The problem is, just like over-use of anti-biotics, this sort of use can also lead to resistant strains building up.  And if we get a more lethal version of H1N1 develop, the last thing we want is for it to be more resistant to the anti-virals we have available.

Personally, I would rather take my chances with contracting swine flu now while the mortality rate is relatvively low, and going into complete isolation while it runs its course - but I would not like to offer that as advice to anyone else.

As I said, the model above is naive - as more of the population has been exposed to the virus, the infection rate should slow, as people are less likely to come into contact with others who are still infectious (I think).  But if the disease becomes more lethal, that may be a bad thing for us.

I would welcome comments on the reasoning - I cannot, off hand, see anything wrong with it, but perhaps someone with a better level of experience in epidemiology can point out any mistakes.

Update

I have revised my model slightly - the one shown above was (as I rather expected, to be honest) over estimating somewhat.  The new one is a nice simple 10e0.1t

Revised swine flu model

he solid black line is the old prediction, the reddish line is my new one.  This model would predict everyone would be infected by 25th September if the infection rate continued as it is.  Of course, we are having a change in treatment and in attempts to isolate, so we may well see the infection rate increase initially, but they should also then start to drop off again (as mentioned above - exponential growth is not sustainable in a limited population)

Trackback URL for this post:

http://brains.parslow.net/trackback/1526
Attachment Size
swineflu_chart.PNG 16.48 KB

Trackback URL for this post:

http://brains.parslow.net/trackback/1526
AttachmentSize
swineflu_chart.PNG16.48 KB

Comments

New figures

The NHS figures suggest an estimated 55,000 new cases last week.  The model here only predicted about 15,000 new cases.  The new death toll, standing at 29, is double that which this model predicted too - whether that is due to much increased numbers being infected, or the mortality rate being higher than I expected is hard to judge given the lack of information around.

Predictions

According to this model, which I haven't updated because of the change in reporting regime meaning that figures are few and far between, I would predict that the total number of reported infections will be around 16,000 to 18,000 - depending on whether the next set of figures relates to the period ending the 10th July or the 11th July.  It will be interesting to see how these figures match with the reported ones.
I notice that the BBC is quoting the figure of 14 deaths of people who have been infected - although it points out that these are not all actually deaths due to swine flu.  In the UK deaths have been running at roughly 1 per 2000 cases (but this is based on a thankfully very small sample).  Unfortunately, due to the way they are being reported, it currently looks like 1 per 1000 cases, but I suspect strongly this is a reporting anomaly.  It seems strange that the US appears to have 1 death per 200 cases - that seems very high, and again it seems likely that that is due to under-reporting of infections.
 

Everyone is making such a

Everyone is making such a huge deal about the swine flu! I know it's killed numerous people, but are you aware that thousands of people die from the regular flu every year? I think everyone should just take this as a huge reminder to wash your hands and be clean!

Immunity

Yes, I am well aware that influenza kills many people every year.  The difference is that the population as a whole has a reasonable level of immunity to the 'regular flu' (in fact several different strains), so fewer people are likely to catch it than with a new strain.  Consequently, as we are seeing, the swine flu has the capacity to spread much more quickly than normal seasonal flu, and purely due to the numbers who may be infected, it is likely to exact a greater death toll.

Update

That model predicted another 1500 cases by today - which would have taken the total to 8000.  According to the bbc, the total today is 7447, which suggests the model may need to be revised again (unsurprisingly).  If the date the BBC gave for cases reaching 100,000 a day is correct, then the model the experts are using is predicting that will take a month longer than my model does, so it seems reasonable that mine should be over-predicting at the moment